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[主观题]

It happened one morning 20 years ago. British scientist Alec Jeffrey stumbled upon DNA fin

gerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic(基因的) material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worded, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.

The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.

Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations. But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents' son. In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two rapes and murders and helped convict another man.

DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples(样本). The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person's privacy. That includes a person's medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. "There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person's paternity or risk of disease," Jeffrey said.

DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Till, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey's estimates(估计) the probability of two individuals' DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at between one in a billion or one in a trillion.

The passage is mainly about ______.

A．the discovery of fingerprinting by Jeffery

B．the practice of fingerprinting in court

C．the fingerprinting in the present situation

D．the merits and demerits of fingerprinting

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发布时间：2023-02-15
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更多“It happened one morning 20 years ago. British scientist Alec Jeffrey stumbled upon DNA fin”相关的问题

第1题

By saying "Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one", the father meant
that ______.

A. he wished people had not built the bonfire

B. he hoped people would not build any more bonfires

C. he hoped there would be no more wars in the world

D. he wished the Second World War had not happened

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第2题

Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？A.Mickey

Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？

A.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous cartoon characters.

B.Diogenes comes from Kennia, which is in Africa

C.Disneyland was created by Walt Disney.

D.Paul is writing an unusual thing that happened to him.

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第3题

Visitors from space may have landed on our planet dozens, even hundreds of times during th
e long, empty ages while Man was still a dream of the distant future. Indeed, they could have landed on 90 percent of the earth as recently as two or three hundred years ago, and we could never have heard of it. If one searches through old newspapers and local records, one can find many reports of strange incidents that could be interpreted as visits from outer space. A stimulating writer, Charles Fort, has made a collection of UFO sighting in his book! One is tempted to believe them more than any modern reports, for the simple reason that they happened long before anyone had ever thought of space travel. Yet at the same time, one can't take them too seriously, for before scientific education was widespread, even sightings of meteors, comets, auroras, and so on, gave rise to the most incredible stories, as they still do today.

According to the passage, visitors from space may have landed on the earth ______.

A．long before man had dreamed of it

B．long before there were human beings

C．in the last few hundred years

D．after the space age began

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第4题

Let me tell you a story about Berb and Mild Carbridge, who used to be very【21】For example,
Mild would forget to【22】dinner, or Berb would【23】up for work on Sunday【24】it was Monday. One summer they【25】to take a long plane trip. What do you guess happened？ Well, they got to the airport with only ten minutes to【26】. So time was short. In that【27】anyone would【28】the plane right away. But not Mr. and Mrs. Carbridge. They just had to buy some flight insurance(保险)【29】. All in all, who knows what will happen on a plane flight？ They quickly put some【30】into a machine and【31】came their insurance policy. "Who【32】get the money if we【33】, I wonder？" asked Mild. "My mother, of course," her husband【34】. "We'll mail the【35】to her. Now quick give me a stamp,【36】you？" he said. "The plane's going to【37】in another minute." Berb put the stamp on the envelope,【38】it in the mailbox, and【39】began to cry. What happened, do you guess？ He had mailed their【40】to his mother!

(36)

A．careless

B．forgetful

C．thoughtful

D．foolish

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第5题

Mrs. Andrews had a young cat and it was the cats frst winter One evening the cat was outide when it began to snow heavilyMsAndrews loked everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find i so she telephoned the police and said, "Thave lost a smallblack cat. Has anybody found one?"

"No, Madam," said the policeman at the other end, "But the cats are really very strong animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when somebody finds them, they are quite all right."

Mrs.Andrews felt happier when she heard this, "And," she said, "our cat is very clever. She almost talks."

The policeman was getting tired. "Well then," he said, "why don't you put your telephone down? Perhapssheis trying to telephone you now."

21、MisAndter hdacata wa es hanyerod

A. True

0 B. False

22、The cat was at home when it began to snow heavly

A. True

B. False

23、The story happened on a spring morning.

O A. Trwy

B. False

24、The underlined word "she" in the last sentence refers to thecat.

A. False

B. True

25、The policeman was getting rather tired becauseMrs Andrews had talked too much to him on the phone.

A. False

B. True

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第6题

Passage Five Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is leaning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace (记忆痕) .” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to dear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Gibe the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize thins that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learn how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

52. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that_____.

A bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C chemical substances carry certain memories

D memory is stored in the brain as a substance

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第7题

It was almost two o' clock. A cold wind had come up, over the lake. As a black cloud moved
across the sun, Walt, a small boy, looked up. "I smell a storm (暴风雨) ," he thought.

Shorty, a man of forty, had gone into town. He had said he would be back before two. He had told Walt to watch the boats and the shop. There were no people around. They had all gone out on the lake to fish.

So Walt went to work on one of the boats. From there he could hear the telephone if it rang. And he could watch the door.

It was a little after two when the stranger came. Walt saw him stop by the shop. The stranger looked in for a minute. Then he went down to the boats. He was a big man in a coat.

Walt called to him, "Do you want something, sir？"

The stranger looked at Walt and said, "No, thanks." Then the stranger moved slowly away. As he went on, he looked at the boats one by one.

Walt sat there with his eyes on the back of the stranger's coat. He thought, "I can smell something as I smell that storm. I hope Shorty comes back soon."

The story happened ______.

A．on the lake at night

B．by the lake in the afternoon

C．along the river in spring

D．near the river in summer

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第8题

Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a y
oung person thinking of going on the stage is " Don't " ! But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre:painting scenery, publicity (宣传) , taking care of the costumes (舞台服装) , and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny.

Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his car. He stopped and asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

From the very beginning, the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession______.

A．for ambitious people only

B．for young people only

C．too difficult for young people

D．sought after by too many people

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第9题

Richard lived with his mother when he was young. He didn't know who his father was. The wo
man did some washing for the rich and could buy only some bread for her son. So the boy was short and thin.

One cold morning there was much snow in the streets. A truck hit the woman and the policemen took her to the hospital. Dying (临死) , she said to her son, "Your father forsook (抛弃) me before you were born. It's his name and address."

Richard found his father, Mr. Cook, in. another city. It was one of the richest shopkeepers and he had to receive his son. From then on the boy lived a happy life. He ate all kinds of delicious food and wore beautiful clothes. But people often laughed at his rudeness (粗鲁).

Once his father took him to a party. He saw a newspaper lying on the floor and picked it up while others were talking about a film. He had a look at it and found a car's wheels were upward (向上). He called out," Oh, dear ! An accident happened !"

All the people were surprised and began to read the newspaper. But soon they all began to laugh. Do you know why？

Richard didn't know his father because ______.

A．the man was very rich

B．the man forsook his mother

C．his mother left the man

D．the man didn't like him

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第10题

Millions of stars are traveling about in space. A few form. groups which journey together,
but most of them travel alone. And they travel through a universe so large that one star seldom comes near to another.

We believe, however, that some two thousand million years ago, another star wandering through space, happened to come near our sun. Just as the sun and the moon raise tides on the earth, so this star must have raised tides on the surface of the sun. But they were very different from the small tides that are raised in our oceans; a large tidal wave' must have travelled over the surface of the sun, at last forming a mountain so high that we cannot imagine it. As the cause of the disturbance (动荡) came nearer, so the mountain rose higher and higher. And before the star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that this mountain was torn to pieces and threw off small parts of itself into space. These small pieces have been going round the sun ever since. They are the planets (行星).

Millions of stars are______.

A．following a regular path in space

B．always travelling together

C．seldom wandering about in the universe

D．moving about without a fixed course

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第11题

In the world in which we live today, a man may be one thing but appear to be another. This
was impossible in Indian society. An Indian's name told the world what he was - a coward, a liar, a thief, or a brave.

When I was young, every Indian had at least three names during his lifetime. His first name was given to him at birth. It described something that had happened at that time.

Each Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn money for himself. But his friends would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen.

The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned he would be given his tribal name by the chief. If he had done well, he would be given a good name. But if he had done poorly, he might be given a bad name.

A man was given many chances to improve his name, however. If in a later battle he was very brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some Indians had as many as twelve names - all good and each better than the last.

All names given to one Indian belonged to him for the rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away. This was because no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.

According to passage, Indian names were important because they ______.

A．described the character of a man

B．described the appearance of a man

C．were never used by other people

D．told us his profession

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