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[主观题]

Cultures tend to favor either a past, or future orientation with regard to time. A future

orientation, encompassing a preference for change, is characteristic of American culture. The society encourages people to look to the future rather than to the past. Technological, social, and artistic trends change rapidly and affect people's life styles and their relationships.

Given the inclination toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to uphold traditional pattern of living or thought may be seen as rigid or "old-fashioned". In a society where change is so rapid, it is not uncommon for every generation to experience a "generation gap". Sometimes parents struggle to understand the values of their children, even religious institutions have had to adapt to contemporary need of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang versions of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institutions to "keep up with the times".

High rates of change, particularly in urban areas, have contributed to a focus on the future rather than the past or present. Some Americans believe that the benefits of the future orientation are achievement and progress which enable them to have a high standard of living. Others believe that high blood pressure and stomach ulcers are the results of such a life style.

As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive understanding about how time is regulated, usually we do not think about the concept of time until we interact with others who have a different time orientation. Although individuals from any now cultures may view time similarly, we often sense that in another culture, life seems to proceed at either a slower or faster pace. Knowing how time is regulated, divided, and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and their culture.

The American orientation toward the future might be demonstrated by ______.

A．the presence of religious institutions

B．the preference for "old-fashioned" parents

C．the limited role of tradition

D．the presence of folk singers in church services

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发布时间：2021-09-26

更多“Cultures tend to favor either a past, or future orientation with regard to time. A future”相关的问题

第1题

根据以下内容回答题：In the United States，it is not customary to telephone someone very earl

y in the morning.If you telephone him early in the day，while he is shaving or having breakfast，the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention．The same mean-ing is attached to telephone calls made after l l：00 P．m．If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he assumes it"s a matter of life ot death．The time chosen for the call communi-cares has its importance． In social life，time plays a very important part ineveryday life．In the U．S．A．guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four davs before the party date．But it is not true in all countries．In other areas of the world，it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten．The meaning of time differs in dif-ferent Darts of the wodd．Thus，misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differentlv．Promptness is valued highly in American life．If people are not prompt，they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible．In the U．S．no one would think of keep-ing a business associate waiting for an hour，it would be too impolite．A person who is 5 mi-nutes late．he wm say a few words of explaination，though perhaps he will not complete the sentence

“The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11：00 P．m…”Here “attached”means

A.taken

B.drawn

C.given

D.shown

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第2题

In competitive markets ,leaders are under increased pressure to maintain a positive work culture.A positive work culture cultivates greater employee satisfaction;greater employee satisfaction

Contributes to higher performance;higher performance impacts improved client outcomes;improved client

outcomes contribute to service excellence.

Positive work cultures are built overtime and need constant attention.Such cultures are dependent on leadership vision and values

An effective leader sets the tone for the team,encourages a positive workplace culture an disable to bring about cultural change.

Workplace culture is made up of the shared attitudes,beliefs,behaviors,values and expectations that influence the way people work in the workplace.It is“the way we do things around here” .

Some cultural aspects are understood by all and are obvious such as turning up for wok on time,while others maybe“unwritten rules”that are not so obvious for example how personal issues are resolved with work colleagues.

Many factors that influence whether a workplace has a positive outlook are within the control of people who work in a workplace.There are also factors out of their control,such as slumps in global prices or a change in demand and supply.The company can,however,control how they respond to these factors.

Those companies that do create positive workplace environments develop a reputation in their community as being'good to work for'and have a competitive edge.Not only are these companies more able to attract and retain people,they tend to be more stable as they proactively deal with issues and adapt to change.

Teams work best when they are clear about what is expected of them.They are more able to deal with difficult issues if they feel the values of the organization are supportive of them.

For a workplace culture to be positive,the direction and actions of the business must be consistent with the core values of the people in the workplace.The people must trust each other and be able to openly express and exchange ideas.

Working through these steps will help with developing a positive business culture.

1.A positive work culture will give workers more satisfaction.

2.Positive cultures have a lot to do with leadership vision and values.

3.The direction and actions for the business must differ from the core values of the employees in order for a workplace culture to be positive.

4.In competitive markets,leaders are under more and more pressure to keep a positive work culture.

5.Positive work culture can be built in a short period of time.

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第3题

针对A320机型，以下哪个是控制到预冷器冷却气量多少的活门？（）

A.PRV

B.OPV

C.FAV

D.FPV

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第4题

In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morni

ng.If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.

In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person, who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.

11.What is the main idea of this passage？ ________

A.It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.

B.The role of time in social life over the world.

C.If people are late, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.

D.Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.

12.What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours？ _______

A.A matter of work.

B.A matter of life or death.

C.You want to see him or her.

D.You want to make an appointment with him or her.

13.Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U.S. A.？

A.at 7:00 am

B.at 4:00 pm

C.at the midnight

D.at 4 am

14.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ________

A.In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.

B.No misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures about the concept of time.

C.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..

D.Promptness is valued highly in American life.

15.From the passage we can safely infer that _______

A.it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time.

B.the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.

C.it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party.

D.if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation.

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第5题

In the past fifty years, American society has changed a great deal. Fifty years ago, most

Americans lived in small communities. They rarely moved from one area to another and knew their neighbors at least by name if not by close, personal relations. Life was so personal in those days that people often joked about it.They said that a person could not even stay home from church on Sunday without the whole town knowing about it. It was difficult to keep one's secret in a small community like that, but there was usually a sense of safety, of belonging, and of community togetherness in such places. Except for church and the local movie theater, there was not much entertainment. Some people dreamed about moving to the exciting life of the big cities, but most people were happy to live all their lives in the same community.

Few people experience this type of lifelong relationship or sense of community togetherness now. The American society is much more unsettled now; people often move from neighborhood to neighborhood, city to city, and coast to coast. It is rare to find people who have lived all their lives in one community. Because people move so frequently, they do not have a chance to get to know their neighbors. Perhaps this is also why Americans tend to have a more casual attitude about friendships than people from some other cultures; Americans are accustomed to leaving friends and making new friends. In such an impersonal society, people have lost the habit of saying hello to people they pass on the streets or in the hallways of their apartment buildings.

What is described in the first paragraph？

A．Entertainment in small towns.

B．Americans' adjustment to a moving society.

C．The life style. of Americans in the past.

D．Personal relations in small communities.

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第6题

To better understand the negotiation practices of other cultures, it is important for us t

o be aware of the standard negotiation practices in the United States. Americans grow up believing in the motto "He who hesitates is lost."【C1】______ , most Americans conduct business at lightning speed. It is not【C2】______ for contracts to be signed during the first business meeting. These rapid contracts are【C3】______ by the fact that middle managers have the【C4】______ to make quick decisions without consulting the boss or 【C5】______ with the group. Brief small talk often【C6】______ the business interaction,【C7】______ the short-term rewards, and financial arrangements quickly become the focus.【C8】______ contracts are helpful but not necessary because a person's last successes are deemed more important. Communication is usually indirect, informal, competitive and【C9】______ argumentative.

Negotiation in Western Europe is different from【C10】______ in the United States. For the French, business is a very formal issue, and any【C11】______ of a casual attitude will have a negative influence on the transaction. Their eye contact tends to be so intense that even North Americans may feel【C12】______ . In Germany, business is also conducted very formally【C13】______ great attention to order, planning, and schedules. Because of this slow methodical process, it is virtually impossible to speed up a business transaction. Humor, compliments, and personal questions are not a part of German negotiations.【C14】______ , business may begin immediately after an introduction. Although the Dutch are also straightforward and【C15】______ in negotiations, business is conducted at a slower pace than in the United States.

Swedes are also very serious about business. They show little【C16】______ during negotiation and expect the same from you.【C17】______ is important to Swedish negotiations, and they tend to avoid confrontation. They may【C18】______ a discussion abruptly if they think it will lead to an argument over a sensitive topic. In conversation, Swedes do not【C19】______ exaggeration or superficiality. However, silence is part of their language pattern, so they expect【C20】______ to be filled with long pauses.

【C1】

A．However

B．Moreover

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

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第7题

The invention of telephone has greatly eased the communication among people，but callers

should be careful about when to make a phone call or it will cause embarrassments.

It is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning in the USA. If someone is called very early in the morning，while he is shaving or having breakfast，the time of the call indicates great importance of the matter which requires immediate attention of the person called. The same implication is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. at night. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he assumes it’s an urgency of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. Time plays a very important role in our social life as you can imagine. In the USA an invitation should be sent to the guests in advance because guests usually believe that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not always necessarily true of the case all over the world. In some other countries，it may be taken stupid to make an appointment too far in advance because plans made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The concept of time varies in different regions of the world. Thus，misunderstandings are sometimes inevitable between men of different cultural backgrounds that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in America，for example. A lack of promptness is regarded as being impolite or not being fully responsible. In the US it would be incredible to keep a business partner or a guest waiting for an hour，and it would be too impolite and unacceptable by their social etiquettes. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to give some words of explanation to the people waiting，though he might not complete his sentence.

16. What is the main idea of this passage？

A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning or in sleeping hours in the US.

B. The role of time in social life over the world..

C. If people are not prompt，they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the US.

D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.

17. What does it mean according to the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours？

A. A matter of work.

B. A matter of life or death.

C. You want to see him or her.

D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.

18. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend？

A. At 7:00 a.m.

B. At 4:00 p.m.

C. At the midnight.

D. At 4:00 a.m.

19. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？

A. In the USA guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is expended only three or four days before the party date.

B. There id no misunderstanding between people from different cultures about the concept of time.

C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the USA.

D. Being on time is highly valued in America.

20. From the passage we can infer that ____________.

A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in daytime

B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world

C. it makes no difference in the US whether you are early or late for a business party

D. if a person is late for a date，he needn’t make any explanation

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第8题

According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can havelanguages.A．complicatedB．u

According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have languages.

A．complicated

B．uncivilized

C．primitive

D．well known

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第9题

The exposure to foreign cultures gradually led to the______.A．distributionB．disintegration

The exposure to foreign cultures gradually led to the______.

A．distribution

B．disintegration

C．disorder

D．destruction

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第10题

In all cultures, women are generally seen_________to nature than men. A． as cl

In all cultures, women are generally seen _________to nature than men.

A． as close

B． closer

C． as closely

D． closely

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