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[主观题]

Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But " progress" is a funny word. It doesn't nec

essarily mean that something has become stronger, wiser, or better. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it turns out to be worse than before.

Consider medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical advances, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection or a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us back together again. If we are born with something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our normality, ease our pain, replace worn parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a price we have to pay.

Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been rising steadily, in spite of serious efforts to reduce the rate of population growth. Less than a century ago in the United Stales, infant mortality claimed more than half of the newborn within the first year of life. Medical advances, however, have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child born in the United States today has better than a 90% chance of survival. Furthermore, medical advances have ensured that most of these infants will live to be seventy years of age or more, and even that life expectancy increases every year. The result of this progress is an enormous population increase that threatens the quality of life, brought about by progress in the medical profession.

According to this passage, " progress" doesn't always mean that______.

A．something has become stronger and better

B．something has been changed from being one thing to another

C．something has become funny

D．something turns out to be worse than before

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发布时间：2021-11-09

更多“Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But " progress" is a funny word. It doesn't nec”相关的问题

第1题

There are thousands of different languages in the world. Everyone seems to think that his

native (本国的) language is the most important one, as it is their first language. For many people it is even their only language all their lives. But English is the world's most widely used language.

As a native language, English is spoken by nearly three hundred million people: in the U. S. , Eng land, Australia and some other countries.

For people in India and many other countries, English is often necessary for business, education, information and other activities. So English is the second language there.

As a foreign language, no other language is more widely studied or used than English. We use it to listen to the radio, to read books or to travel. It is also one of the working languages in the United Nations and is more used than the others.

The native language is a person's ______ language.

A．first

B．only

C．one

D．foreign

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第2题

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. B

ecause of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travel fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach Americas.

This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, Communication took much more time than it does now.

News spreads fast because of______.

A．new technology

B．a peace agreement

C．the changes of the world

D．modern transportation

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第3题

根据以下材料回答第 36～40 题： Passage TwoDuring the Christmas shopping rush in London

根据以下材料回答第 36～40 题：

Passage TwoDuring the Christmas shopping rush in London, the interesting story was reported of a tramp (流浪者)who, apparently though no fault of his own, found himself locked in a well-known chain store late on Christmas Eve. No doubt the store was crowded with last-minute Christmas shoppers and the staff were dead beat and longing to get home. Probably all the proper security checks were made before the store was locked and they left to enjoy the three-day holiday untroubled by customers desperate to get last-minute Christmas presents.

However ridiculous that may be, our tramp found himself alone in the store and decided to make the best of it .There was food , drink ,bedding and camping equipment, of which he made good use. There must also have been television sets and radios. Though it was not reported if he took advantage of these facilities, when the shop reopened he was discovered in bed with a large number of empty bottles beside him. He seems to have been a man of good humor as indeed tramps very commonly are.

Everyone else was enjoying Christmas, so he saw no good reason why he should not do the same. He yielded himself cheerfully, and was taken by the police. Perhaps he had had a better Christmas than usual . He was sent to prison for seven days. The judge awarded no compensation (赔偿)to the chain store for the food and drink our tramp had consumed. They had , in his opinion, already received valuable free publicity from the story revealed in the newspaper and one television. Perhaps the judge had had a good Christmas, too.

第 36 题 The tramp was locked in the store_________.

A．for 7 days

B．on purpose

C．by accident

D．for security reasons

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第4题

阅读：Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an　election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a　flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.

There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

31. News spreads fast because of____.

A.modern transportation B.new technology C.the change of the world D.a peace agreement 

32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.

A.fast communication B.modern technology C.latest news D.new ideas 

33. Which of the following statements is true？

A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.

B.The world is actually smaller today.

C.The world is changing its size.

D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 

34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.

A.by telephone and telegraph B.by land C.by air D.by sea 

35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.

A.by both sides B.in time C.in America D.in England 

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第5题

To get a chocolate out of a box demands a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to

be taken out of its paper bag; the plastic wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the packing paper inside removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. Similarly a pot of face cream comes surrounded by layers of paper, waged inside a cardboard box, and the whole thing wrapped tightly in plastic.

It is not only luxuries which are wrapped in this way, With so many goods now produced centrally and sold in supermarkets it is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything from nails to potatoes that is not already done up in plastic or paper.

The wrapper itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much o the 31 pounds in weight of rubbish put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done？ Some of it, like the wrapping on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is stupid. Packaging is using up scarce energy and raw materials and ruining all the time. One big firm reports that its glass, cans and paper have all gone up by 30 per cent in the last couple of months, while plastic has increased by 50 percent and all these prices are still rising. This seems as yet to have had surprisingly little effect on the packaging practice of manufacturers.

Little research is being carried out on the costs in energy and materials of other possible types of packaging. Just how practical is it, for instance, for local authorities to save waste paper and re-manufacture it as egg-boxes？ Would it be cheaper to plant another forest to produce new paper？

One reason for the unorganized behavior. of everyone concerned is probably the varied nature of the packaging industry. So many people, with so many different interests of their own, are affected that it is extremely hard to reach any agreement on what should be done. Also, packagers say that preserving forests and preventing waste is not their concerns.

The shopper gets rid of the wrapper immediately because______.

A．he is careless.

B．it adds to the weight.

C．it is difficult for him to handle.

D．it has no importance for him.

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第6题

A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit thi

s planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.

So why is this huge increase in population taking place？ It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control". You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control". "Death Control" is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.

If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world's land cannot produce food.

Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its "capital" — its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form. but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.

It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

According to the article, what contributes to the population increase？

A．Birth explosion.

B．Birth Control.

C．Technological innovations.

D．Death Control.

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第7题

It is amazing how many people still say, "I never dream," for it is now decades since it w

as established that everyone has over a thousand dreams a year, however few of these nocturnal (夜间发生的) productions are remembered on waking. Even the most confirmed "non-dreamers" will remember dreams if woken up systematically during the rapid eye movement (REM) periods.

These are periods of light sleep during which the eyeballs move rapidly .back and forth under the closed lids and the brain becomes highly activated, which happens three or four times every night of normal sleep.

It is a very interesting question why some people remember dreams regularly while others remember hardly any at all under normal conditions. In considering this, it is important to bear in mind that the dream tends to be an elusive phenomenon for all of us. We normally never recall a dream unless we awaken directly from it, and even then it has a tendency to fade quickly into oblivion.

Given this general elusiveness of dreams, the basic factor that seems to determine whether a person remembers them or not is the same as that which determines all other memory, namely degree of interest. Dream researchers have made a broad classification of people into "recallers"—those who re member at least one dream a month—and "non-recallers", who remember fewer than this. Tests have shown that cool analytical people with a very rational approach to their feelings tend to recall fewer dreams than those whose attitude to life is open and flexible. It is not surprising to discover that in Western society, women normally recall more dreams than men, since women are traditionally allowed an instinctive, feeling approach to life.

In modern urban-industrial culture, feeling and dreams tend to be treated as frivolities (无聊事) which must be firmly subordinated to the realities of life. We pay lip-service to the inner life of imagination as it expresses itself in the arts, but in practice relegate (置于次要地位) music, poetry, drama and painting to the level of spare-time activities, valued mainly for the extent to which they refresh us for a return to work.

Many people are unaware that they dream because ______.

A．their dreams fade very quickly

B．they do not recall their dreams

C．they sleep too heavily

D．they wake up frequently

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第8题

Everyone knows that the favorite food in the United States is the hamburger. It seems impo

ssible, but people eat 34 billion hamburgers a year. This is enough to make a line of hamburgers around the world four times.

The favorite place to buy hamburgers is a fast-food restaurant. In these restaurants, people order their food, wait just a few minutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. They can eat it in the restaurant or take the food out and eat it at home, at work, or in a park. At some restaurants people can drive up beside a window. They order the food, and a worker hands it to them through the window. Then they eat in their cars.

Hamburgers are not the only kind of food that fast-food restaurants serve. Some serve fish, chicken, beef sandwiches, or Mexican food. They also serve fries, shakes (a drink made from milk and ice cream) , soft drinks and coffee.

Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People have known that if they eat at a company' s restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same.

In a fast-food restaurant, people______.

A．stand up to eat

B．are served at table

C．eat in a hurry

D．serve themselves

The fast-food is convenient owing to the following factors except______.

A．it doesn't take you much time to have a meal

B．you can get a lot of salt and fat in your fast-food

C．you can take your order without leaving your car

D．you can take the food to anywhere you like

Fast-food restaurants are popular because______.

A．people are free to order their food

B．the quality of the food is good

C．it is cheaper and faster to have meals there

D．people can find fast-food restaurants everywhere

Which of the following sentences is not correct？

A．The service is fast and the food is cheap in fast-food restaurant.

B．Everyone likes eating fast food.

C．People can find the same food in all the restaurants.

D．People can take fast food out.

What" s the main idea of the passage？

A．Americans eat enough hamburgers to make a line around the world four times.

B．Fast-food restaurants are popular in the United States.

C．Some people can eat fast food in parks.

D．Mothers who work outside home often have meals in fast-food restaurants.

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第9题

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent－minded of us will conform

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform. to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform. it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙 )of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least o ne wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform. in this way？ In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform. because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street？It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance.

25. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“ ()”.

A.seek independence

B.disobey orders

C.seek pleasure

D.follow what others do

26.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2？ To().

A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others

B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others

C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded

D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others

27.In the last paragraph, according to the author,why wouldn’t one help the woman ？He().

A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand

B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it

C.is too shy to give his helping hand

D.thinks someone else will offer assistance

28.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text？ (

A.Giving examples.

B.Cause-effect analysis.

C.Comparative analysis.

D.Process analysis.

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第10题

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that " social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influential, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication" : Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required at all.

The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don' t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to （）.

A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics.

B.discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas.

C.exemplify people' s intuitive response to social epidemics.

D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.

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