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[主观题]

Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finall

y they tested the anticonvulsant drug ethosuzimide. Researchers found that the drug extended the life span of roundworms from 16. 7 days to 19. 6 days, a 17 percent increase。

A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。

B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”

C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。

D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”

E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。

F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。

G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”

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发布时间：2020-09-17

更多“Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finall”相关的问题

第1题

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest （珠穆朗玛峰) . It

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest (珠穆朗玛峰) . It is the highest mountain in the world. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.

A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mountain Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.

The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal (尼泊尔夏尔巴人).Their goal is to remove all the trash they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.

Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home.

Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along newly development equipment to collect and treat human waste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has become more popular.

When those Americans are planning the trip up Mountain Everest, they are concerned about______.

A．the success in climbing up the mountain

B．the environment pollution of the mountain

C．the equipment for their trip to the mountain

D．the risks facing the mountain climbers

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第2题

We are told that in an average family about 1900__________ ．A.many children died before th

We are told that in an average family about 1900__________ ．

A.many children died before they were five years old

B.seven or eight children lived to be more than five years old

C.the youngest child would be fifteen years old

D.four or five children died when they were five years old

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第3题

The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings

. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.

These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be "self care'.

Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only S percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.

The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.

"We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and realities of family life," says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. "School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been."

His is not a popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives？

It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids' lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn't produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.

The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over the money.

Which of the following is an opinion of the author's？

A．The kids are hanging out.

B．They are school children without school.

C．These kids are not old enough for jobs.

D．The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.

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第4题

― Seven thirty？ I guess I’d better get going for the meeting at eight o’clock.When is the next bus up to the hotel？― ___________________.

A.That bus leaves here in 15 minutes.

B.That bus left just now.

C.That bus isn’t here.

D.The bus over there is waiting.

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第5题

The huge increase in oil prices in recent months cast a cloud over the development pl

A.A.近几个月来的石油价钱上的庞大的增加，对许多经济的进展计划投下乌云

B.B.近几个月来的石油价钱猛涨，对许多国家的经济进展计划投下了一抹阴影

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第6题

Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice()they did before th

Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice（)they did before th

eir diet.

A.more than

B.as many as

C.much than

D.as much as

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第7题

Many people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six month

s old.But doctors now say babies begin learning,,on their first day of life. A baby will smile if his or hermother does something the baby likes. A babylearns to get the best care by smiling to please hermother or other care givers. This is when babies learn to connect and "talk" with other people.

Language skills are believed to develop best in the first three years when the place is rich withsounds and sights. Scientists say children should hear the speech and language of other people againand again. The first signs of communication(交际) happen during the first few days of life.when ababy learns that crying will bring food and attention.

Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by sixmonths of age. By that time, a baby usually begins to make sounds. By the end of their first year, mostchildren are able to say a few simple words, although they may not understand the meaning of thewords. By 18 months of age, most children can say between eight and ten words. By two years of age,most children are able to make simple sentences. By ages three,four and five,the number of words achild can understand quickly increases. It is at these ages that children begin to understand the rulesof language. When do babies begin to learn according to doctors？

A.Right after they are born.

B.Not until they are five months old

C.When they are six months old

D.As soon as they are one year old

Babies will smile whenA.they are wet or hungry

B.they want to get the best care

C.they want to talk to others

D.they learn sounds and words

What do most children begin to do from age three or older？A.Make sounds.

B.Make simple sentences.

C.Say a few words.

D.Understand language rules.

What would be the best title for the text？A.The Language of Babies

B.When Do Babies Learn to Talk

C.The Roles of Cry and Smile

D.How Babies Understand Words

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第8题

？？？？？？？？D？Many people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or

？？？？？？？？D

？Many people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six month sold. But doctors now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. A baby will smile if his or her mother does something the ？baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care by smiling top lease her mother or other care givers. This is when babies learn to connect and “talk” with other people.

？Languages kills are believed to develop best in the first three years when the place is rich with sounds and sights. Scientists say children should hear the speech and language of other people again and again. The first signs of communication(交际) happen during the first few days of life, when a baby learns that crying will bring food and attention.

Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by six months of age. By that time, a baby usually begins to make sounds. By the end of their year, most children are able to say a few simple words, although they may not understand the meaning of the words. By 18 months of age, most children can say between eight and ten words. By two years of age, most children are able to make simple sentences. By ages three, four and five, the number of words a child can understand quickly increases. It is at these ages that children begin to understand the rules of language.

When do babies begin to learn according to doctors？？？？？

？？？？A.Right after they are born

B.Not until they are five months old

C.When they are six months old

D.As soon as they are one year old

Babies will smile when .

A.they are wet or hungry

B.they want to get the best care

C.they want to talk to others

D.they learn sounds and words

What do most children begin to do from age three or older？A.Make sounds

B.Make simple sentences

C.Say a few words

D.Understand language rules

What would be the best title for the text？A.The Language of Babies

B.When Do Babies Learn to Talk

C.The Roles of Cry and Smile

D.How Babies Understand Words

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

点击查看答案

第9题

By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increa

se their children's language development. It is surprising but true. (77) How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child's language skills increase.

A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggie doing？" rather than "Is the doggie running away？" (78) The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers.

At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？

A．Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.

B．Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.

C．Active children should read more and be given more attention.

D．Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.

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第10题

Now comes July, and with it examinations; but these are soon finished and with them en

ds the school year.Boys and girls have nearly two months’ holiday before them as they leave school by train and car to return home to their fathers and mothers.

The summer holidays are the best part of the year for most children.The weather is usually good, so that one can spend most of one’s time playing in the garden or, if one lives in the country, out in the woods and fields.Even if one lives in a big town, one can usually go to a park to play.

The best place for a summer holiday, however, is the seaside.Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea, but for the others who do not, a week or two at one of the big seaside towns is something which they will talk about for the whole of the following year.

In England, it is not only the rich who can take their children to the seaside; if a factory worker or a bus driver, a street cleaner or a waiter wants to take his wife and children to Southend or Margate, Blackpool or Clacton, he is usually quite able to do so.

Now, what is it that children like so much about the seaside？ I think it is the sand, sea and sun more than any other things.Of course, there are lots of new things to see, nice things to eat, and exciting things to do, but it is the feeling of sand under one’s feet, of salt water on one’s skin, and of the warm sun on one’s back that makes the seaside what it is.

1.Summer holidays start _________.

A.with July

B.as soon as the examinations are over

C.in mid-June

D.in August

2.After the examination, all pupils leave for home ________.

A.by train only

B.by air

C.by bike

D.by either train or car

3.The summer holiday lasts _______.

A.as long as two months

B.more that two months

C.one and a half months

D.a little less than two months

4.July and August are the brightest months for most children, for they can _______.

A.stay with their parents for all the vacation

B.do more reading

C.play out of doors

D.meet their old friends

5.Children like the seaside so much because they can _______.

A.swim in the sea

B.play with the sand

C.take a sun bath

D.do all of the above

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